This website collects all of my publishing output along with a list of current or ongoing projects. It is presented in a way that is easy to search, providing access to preprints (at least when I have them) and bibliographic data, all of which can be directly downloaded.

Current Position

One-U Responsible AI Postdoctoral Fellow | University of Utah

Research Interests

Broadly speaking, my research focuses on the ecology of human behavior, but here are the specific questions that really animate me these days:

  1. Climate adaptation and migration: in very abstract terms, how do people distribute themselves across space, and how is that influenced over the long term by climate trends?
  2. The economics of early, early, early urbanism: that is, how did we get from small, dispersed groups of mobile hunter-gatherers to large concentrations of sedentary city dwellers?
  3. Demographic interpolation: or, how do we estimate population size without a census?

In my spare time, I also contribute to several FOSS projects in the R community, especially extendr.

  • 2026
    A reconstruction of the Indigenous maize farming niche of Utah
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 69: 105493 (2026)
    Ishmael D. Medina, Kenneth B. Vernon, Weston C. McCool, Jerry D. Spangler, Brian F. Codding
    10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105493
  • Migration and environmental learning in interstitial areas: An example from the Northern Rio Puerco Valley, New Mexico
    Open Archaeology 12 (1) (2026)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Donald A. Shiffler, Scott G. Ortman
    10.1515/opar-2025-0075
  • The impact of subsistence change on demography: Theory-informed Approximate Bayesian Computation reveals 4-fold increase in carrying capacity following economic intensification
    Journal of Archaeological Science 189: 106523 (2026)
    Kurt M. Wilson, Brian F. Codding, Weston C. McCool, Ishmael Medina, Kenneth Blake Vernon, Simon C. Brewer
    10.1016/j.jas.2026.106523
  • 2025
    Drought, Population Pressure, and Inequality Drive Intergroup Conflict in the Precontact North American Southwest
    American Antiquity: 1-19 (2025)
    Weston C. McCool, Kenneth B. Vernon, Ishmael D. Medina, Joan Brenner Coltrain, Kurt M. Wilson, Brian F. Codding
    10.1017/aaq.2025.10107
  • Environmental drivers of wealth inequality among Ancestral Puebloan farmers in Bears Ears National Monument
    American Antiquity: 1-7 (2025)
    Roxanne Lois F. Lamson, Kurt M. Wilson, Hayley T. Kievman, Kenneth Blake Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, Brian F. Codding
    10.1017/aaq.2025.8
  • Modeling the rise and demise of Classic Maya cities: Climate, conflict, and economies of scale
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (42): e2512325122 (2025)
    Weston C. McCool, Brian F. Codding, Bridgette Degnan, Claire E. Ebert, Emily S. Johnson, Kenneth Blake Vernon, Kurt M. Wilson, Timothy Beach, Keith M. Prufer, Douglas J. Kennett
    10.1073/pnas.2512325122
  • Targeted explorations of Pleistocene-Holocene transition archaeology on the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah
    Quaternary International 746: 109992 (2025)
    Abby S. Baka, Kenneth B. Vernon, Madeline E. Mackie, Simon Brewer, Jerry Spangler, Brian F. Codding, Lisbeth A. Louderback, Thomas H. Flanigan, Alexandra M. Greenwald
    10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109992
  • 2024
    A method for defining dispersed community territories
    Journal of Archaeological Science 170: 106048 (2024)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Scott G. Ortman
    10.1016/j.jas.2024.106048
  • Can we reliably detect adaptive responses of hunter-gatherers to past climate change? Examining the impact of Mid-Holocene drought on Archaic settlement in the Basin-Plateau Region of North America
    Quaternary International 689-690: 5-15 (2024)
    Brian F. Codding, Heidi Roberts, William Eckerle, Simon C. Brewer, Ishmael D. Medina, Kenneth B. Vernon, Jerry S. Spangler
    10.1016/j.quaint.2023.06.014
  • The Fremont frontier: Living at the margins of maize farming
    American Antiquity 89 (3): 440-458 (2024)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, Weston McCool, Jerry D. Spangler, Simon Brewer, Brian F. Codding
    10.1017/aaq.2024.22
  • The Goldilocks Zone for maize agriculture and the settlement and abandonment of the West Tavaputs Plateau
    Quaternary International 689-690: 30-42 (2024)
    Peter M. Yaworsky, Kenneth B. Vernon, Weston C. McCool, Isaac A. Hart, Jerry Spangler, Brian F. Codding
    10.1016/j.quaint.2023.12.003
  • Trade-off between market and ecosystem services drives settlement decisions among smallholder ranchers in Baja California Sur, Mexico
    Sustainability Science 19 (4): 1377-1390 (2024)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F. Codding, Simon C. Brewer, Shane J. Macfarlan
    10.1007/s11625-024-01491-9
  • 2022
    Climate change–induced population pressure drives high rates of lethal violence in the Prehispanic central Andes
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 (17): e2117556119 (2022)
    Weston C. McCool, Brian F. Codding, Kenneth B. Vernon, Kurt M. Wilson, Peter M. Yaworsky, Norbert Marwan, Douglas J. Kennett
    10.1073/pnas.2117556119
  • Decomposing habitat suitability across the forager to farmer transition
    Environmental Archaeology 27 (4): 420-433 (2022)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, Jerry Spangler, Simon Brewer, Brian F. Codding
    10.1080/14614103.2020.1746880
  • Ecological constraints on violence avoidance tactics in the Prehispanic Central Andes
    Environmental Archaeology: 1-14 (2022)
    Weston C. McCool, Kurt M. Wilson, Kenneth B. Vernon
    10.1080/14614103.2022.2137652
  • Socioecological dynamics structuring the spread of farming in the North American basin-plateau region
    Environmental Archaeology 27 (4): 434-446 (2022)
    Brian F. Codding, Joan Brenner Coltrain, Lisbeth Louderback, Kenneth Blake Vernon, Kate E. Magargal, Peter M. Yaworsky, Erick Robinson, Simon C. Brewer, Jerry D. Spangler
    10.1080/14614103.2021.1927480
  • Subsistence strategy mediates ecological drivers of human violence
    PLOS ONE 17 (5): e0268257 (2022)
    Weston C. McCool, Kenneth B. Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, Brian F. Codding
    10.1371/journal.pone.0268257
  • Plant species richness at archaeological sites suggests ecological legacy of Indigenous subsistence on the Colorado Plateau
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (21): e2025047118 (2021)
    Bruce M. Pavlik, Lisbeth A. Louderback, Kenneth B. Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, Cynthia Wilson, Arnold Clifford, Brian F. Codding
    10.1073/pnas.2025047118
  • 2020
    Advancing predictive modeling in archaeology: An evaluation of regression and machine learning methods on the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument
    PLOS ONE 15 (10): e0239424 (2020)
    Peter M. Yaworsky, Kenneth B. Vernon, Jerry D. Spangler, Simon C. Brewer, Brian F. Codding
    10.1371/journal.pone.0239424
  • Marriage dynamics in old Lower California: Ecological constraints and reproductive value in an arid peninsular frontier
    Biodemography and Social Biology 65 (2): 156-171 (2020)
    Shane J. Macfarlan, Ryan Schacht, Caroline Foley, Sydney Cahoon, Grace Osusky, Kenneth B. Vernon, Evan Tayler, Celeste Henrickson, Eric Schniter
    10.1080/19485565.2020.1728685
  • 2017
    The ecology of population dispersal: Modeling alternative Basin-Plateau foraging strategies to explain the Numic expansion
    American Journal of Human Biology 29 (4): e23000 (2017)
    Kate E. Magargal, Ashley K. Parker, Kenneth Blake Vernon, Will Rath, Brian F. Codding
    10.1002/ajhb.23000
  • 2026
    One theory, many models of habitat suitability
    WEST Speaker Series, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
    Kenneth B. Vernon
  • The evolution of a labor market
    91st Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, San Francisco, CA.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Kelsey Carlston, Weston C. McCool, Kurt M. Wilson, Brian F Codding
  • 2025
    Indirect dating with Mixture Density Networks
    Utah Center for Data Science, Data Science & AI Lecture Series, Salt Lake City, UT.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F Codding, Scott G. Ortman, Simon C. Brewer
  • Indirect dating with Mixture Density Networks
    90th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Denver, CO.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F Codding, Scott G. Ortman, Simon C. Brewer
  • Promoting water-use efficiency with responsible AI
    One-U Responsible AI Annual Symposium, Salt Lake City, UT.
    Kenneth B. Vernon
  • Working with REST APIs to access spatial data
    Spatial Utah Data Science (SUDS) Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT.
    Kenneth B. Vernon
  • 2024
    The network ecology of settlement persistence
    workshop 'Advances in modelling past human ecosystems', Cologne, Germany.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Simon C. Brewer, Brian F. Codding, Scott G. Ortman
  • The network ecology of settlement persistence
    30th Annual Meeting of the European Archaeological Association, Rome, Italy.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Simon C. Brewer, Brian F. Codding, Scott G. Ortman
  • The socio-ecology of community centers
    89th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans, LA.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Scott G. Ortman
  • 2023
    A core-periphery approach to defining community boundaries
    29th Annual Meeting of the European Archaeological Association, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Scott G. Ortman
  • Exploring the dynamics of late precontact obsidian procurement and exchange networks across the US Southwest and Northwest Mexico using cyberSW
    The Southwest Symposium Archaeological Conference, Santa Fe, NM.
    Sarah Oas, Kenneth B. Vernon, Matthew A. Peeples, Barbara J. Mills, Joshua Watts, Jeffery J. Clark, Steven Shackley, Scott G. Ortman
  • How do I work this? this R project
    Spatial Utah Data Science (SUDS) Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT.
    Kenneth B. Vernon
  • The ecology of agglomeration and the rise of Chaco Great Houses
    88th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Portland, OR.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Weston C. McCool, Simon C. Brewer, Brian F. Codding, Scott G. Ortman
  • 2022
    The Fremont frontier: Living at the margins of maize farming
    87th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Chicago, IL.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Jerry D. Spangler, Weston C. McCool, Peter M. Yaworsky, Simon C. Brewer, Brian F. Codding
  • 2021
    Explaining PaleoIndian settlement in the Intermountain West: A regression adjustment approach
    86th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, San Francisco, CA.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, David Zeanah, D. Craig Young, Robert G. Elston, Brian F. Codding
  • 2019
    Decomposing habitat suitability with theory-driven machine-learning
    84th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Albuquerque, NM.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, Brian F. Codding
  • 2018
    Prearchaic land use in Grass Valley, Nevada: A novel statistical implementation of optimal distribution modeling
    83th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Washington D.C..
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, Kate E. Magargal, D. Craig Young, David Zeanah, Brian F. Codding
  • Prearchaic land use in Grass Valley, Nevada: This time with Bayes
    Bi-annual Great Basin Anthropological Conference, Salt Lake City, UT.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, Kate E. Magargal, D. Craig Young, David Zeanah, Brian F. Codding
  • 2015
    Numic fires: Modeling the effects of anthropogenic fire on foraging decisions in the Great Basin
    80th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, San Francisco, CA.
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Kate E. Magargal, Ashley K. Parker, Will Rath, Brian F. Codding
  • Explaining PaleoIndian settlement in the Intermountain West with comparative machine learning
    Journal of Archaeological Science (3-Submitted/Under-Review)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Kate E. Magargal, Paul E. Allgaier, David Zeanah, D. Craig Young, Robert G. Elston, Simon C. Brewer, Brian F. Codding
  • The evolution of a labor market
    (3-Submitted/Under-Review)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Kelsey Carlston, Weston C. McCool, Kurt M. Wilson, Brian F. Codding
  • NetC14: A Gaussian mixture neural network for calibrating and summarizing radiocarbon dates
    Journal of Archaeological Science (2-Drafting)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F. Codding, Simon C. Brewer
  • Predicting PHT archaeology on the northwest Colorado Plateau: A predictive model for determining targeted survey areas
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (2-Drafting)
    Abby S. Baka, Kenneth B. Vernon, Simon C. Brewer, Brian F. Codding, Jerry D. Spangler, Alexandra M. Greenwald
  • Socio-economic status before we measured it: A machine learning approach to imputing income and education in the US Census before 1950
    (2-Drafting)
    Kelsey Carlston, Kenneth B. Vernon
  • An encoder-decoder neural network for down-scaling soil moisture estimates
    (1-Planning/Development)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F. Codding, Simon C. Brewer
  • One theory, many models of habitat suitability
    (1-Planning/Development)
    Kenneth B. Vernon
  • RagStone: A retrieval-augmented language model for archaeological reports
    (1-Planning/Development)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F. Codding, Simon C. Brewer
  • Responsible artificial intelligence and the science of human-environment interactions
    Environmental Data Science (1-Planning/Development)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F. Codding, Simon C. Brewer
  • Some Kantian and Aristotelian themes in anthropological thought
    (1-Planning/Development)
    Kenneth B. Vernon
  • TerraCal: A global deep foundation radiocarbon calibration curve
    (1-Planning/Development)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F. Codding, Simon C. Brewer
  • Urbanism, population decline, and biodiversity in an arid environment
    (1-Planning/Development)
    Kenneth B. Vernon, Brian F. Codding, Simon C. Brewer, Shane J. Macfarlan